مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال سیزدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 64، امرداد 1393)

Many studies shown that students gain weight during their first year at college. The aim of this study was to detect. Anthropometric indices and body composition changes during newcomer medical students. In this longitudinal study, samples were selected by census method (73 medical students) and assayed. Individual questionnaire was completed. Height and waist circumference were measured by using a tape. Weight and body composition were measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) body fat percentage. All data were analyzed by using repeated measures ANOVA and Fisher's exact test. Results of this study showed anthropometric indices and body composition changes at the end of study except body fat percentage were reduced compared to arrival time. Only waist circumference and body fat percentage were significantly different (p=0.044 and p=0.033, respectively). Comparison of anthropometric indices and body fat percentage according to sex showed no significant difference at entrance time and end of study.Finally the percentage of overweight and obesity were based on body fat percentage lower than body mass index and waist circumference (respectively 10.2%, 22%, 15.3%.). Also with this same index underweight was lower than with BMI category (10.2% vs 23.7%) At the end of the study, changes in body fat percentage and waist were statistically different. The prevalence of overweight and underweight on the basis of three criteria: (body fat percentage, body mass index and waist circumference) at the beginning of the study to the end study, were not statistically significant differences observed.

Psychological health is important for people especially for students. Hence, identifying related factors to psychological health is needed. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Imaginary Control of Internal States, imaginary Stress and Intuitive-Rational Information processing styles and also determine contribution of these variables in prediction of depression and life satisfaction among students. In this cross-sectional study, 241 students of humanity sciences (168 females and 73 males) from Payame Noor University–Tabriz branch were randomly selected, using stratified and multiple stage cluster sampling. Imaginary control of internal states, information processing styles, imaginary stress, depression and life satisfaction questionnaires were completed by these students. The Pearson’s correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that there is positive and significant correlation between intuitive and rational information processing style and imaginary control of internal states with life satisfaction, but the relationship between imaginary stress and life satisfaction were significantly negative (p<0.001). There was significantly negative correlation between rational information processing style and imaginary control of internal states with depression, but relationship between depression and imaginary stress were positive (p<0.001). Results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that imaginary control of internal states and imaginary stress variables are significant predictors of depression and life satisfaction (p<0.050). The present finding emphases on the importance of imaginary control of internal states and imaginary stress in prediction of psychological wellbeing like, life satisfaction and depression.

Nitric oxide mediated some behavioral effects of nicotine and ethanol in the nucleus accumbens. In the present study, the effects of L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) in the nucleus accumbens on nicotine’s effect in ethanol-induced amnesia were investigated. In this experimental study 96 adult male wistar rats were used (12 groups). It was used inhibitory avoidable memory step-through model in order to assess memory. The step-through latency for the assessment of memory measured in male Wistar rats. Cannula were bilaterally implanted in the NAC shell of all animals. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons of Tukey test, were used for data analysis. p<0.05 was statistically considered significant difference among groups. Ethanol induced amnesia (p<0.001) and state-dependent learning (p<0.001). Nicotine injection (p<0.001) or L-NAME (p<0.010) before the test prevented amnesia. Co-administration of an ineffective dose of nicotine with L-NAME potentiated improving effect of L-NAME on memory impaired by ethanol (p<0.001). On the other hand, pre-test intra-NAc injection of L-NAME impairs inhibitory avoidable memory by itself (p<0.001). The results indicated that L-NAME in the nucleus accumbens potentiated improving effect of nicotine on the ethanol-induced amnesia.

The human factor is one of the most influential factors and cause of 60% of road accidents. Based on current evidence, Kerman province has the highest rate of deaths due to road accidents all around the country. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of human and environmental factors associated with the occurrence of road accidents in Kerman. A cross-sectional study conducted recruiting 80 faculties and 243 staff of Medical Sciences in kerman university. Convenience sampling was used for selecting survey’s participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used including two main parts: the first one consisted of the history and the number of accidents, and effective determinants, and the second part was for demographic characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for data analysis. The odds of accidents in educated individuals were 2.29 times greater than low educated ones (OR=2.29, 95% Confidence interval= 1.03-5.07). There was significant association between the gender (p=0.013), education level (p= 0.040), the history of previous accidents (p<0.001) with the occurrence of road accidents. The number of reported accidents associated with the increasing education and gender of drivers. With the influential role of human factors and education in particular, the results have implications for identifying high risk groups.

Emotional intelligence is a kind of emotional information processing which protects individuals against stress and helps them to approach better compatibility and compliance. This study aimed to assess the relation between emotional intelligence and alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and psychiatric drugs abuse in students’ community. This descriptive study was conducted on 740 students who were selected by cluster random sampling method from Medical, Islamic Azad and National universities of Jiroft in 2013. Data was collected by researcher-made and emotional intelligence (Brad Berry–Graves) questionnaires and were analyzed using t-test, one way ANOVA, chi-square test and logistic regression. Mean and standard deviation of total emotional intelligence was 73.44±10.26 and prevalence of alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and psychiatric drugs abuse were 13.8%, 10.8% and 5.7%, respectively. Based on t-test, a significant and inverse relation was found between cigarette smoking and psychiatric drugs abuse with total emotional intelligence (p=0.049 and p=0.004, respectively), self-awareness (p=0.003 and p=0.001, respectively) as well as social consciousness (p=0.014 and p=0.001, respectively) subscales, while only observed a significant relation between alcohol abuse and social consciousness subscale (p=0.037). There was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and psychiatric drugs abuse. So, development of emotional intelligence can be a good solution to prevent alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and psychiatric drugs abuse and contribute to individual and community well-being.

Studies have indicated the high prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder in childhood period. Inflated responsibility beliefs are hypothesized to become a central feature of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD). Given the prevalence of this disorder among children and adolescents as well as further investigation in this field, the present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of a Persian version of Responsibility Beliefs scale. In this psychometric study, the Persian version of "Responsibility Beliefs Questionnaire" was completed by 547 15 to 18-year-old students in Shiraz city. Subjects were selected by multistage random cluster sampling; data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. In this study four-factor structure found in original scale, was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis representing heightened responsibility, Actions Caused/Actions Influenced, Rigid Rules and Overprotection Scales forming responsibility construct in second-order confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, results revealed satisfactory Composite Reliability Index (ranging from 0.60 to 0.85) These results support the reliability and validity of the Persian version of Responsibility Beliefs scale in Iranian adolescents and suggest that this scale may be useful for studying the etiology of inflated responsibility beliefs that are hypothesized to become central in order to development of OCD. However, future research is needed to confirm these data in OCD patients.

Prostate Cancer is the most prevalent malignant cancer in men. Due to the lack of similar investigation in Kerman province, we intended to design a study to evaluate the epidemiology of the disease in Kerman province. In this cross-sectional study, all cases of prostate cancer from 2006 to 2010 recorded at the Deputy of Health of Kerman and Rafsanjan Universities of Medical Sciences were studied, and their incidence were estimated according to age of diagnosis, date of diagnosis and the city of residence. Data was analyzed by Chi-Square. Totally 312 cases were registered and their mean and median age was 73.30±10.31 and 75 years, respectively. Most patients were in the 70-79 years old. The highest and lowest incidence rate were in Baft and Bam with 632.3 and 133.4 per one million persons and in 70-79 age group and under 30 years with 3747.2 and 0.3 per one million persons, respectively. The incidence rates among different age classes and towns were significantly dissimilar (p=0.001). Due to the high incidence of disease among individuals under fifty years old in the province, more studies are needed to clarify the factors related to disease and the necessity of performing screening in younger ages.

Assessment of patients satisfaction has become an important issue in evaluation of health services and it is also one of the qualified criteria of performance of health services providers. The objective of this study was to investigate the villagers satisfaction from the family physician program. The present study was cross sectional which was carried out in Bardsir county in 2013. Data were collected by valid and reliable questionnaire to measure satisfaction within 8 different scope in 400 samples that were randomly selected. Data were analyzed by using independent t-test and ANOVA one-way. From 400 studied samples, 51% were female 49% male, 22% single and 78% were married. The highest and lowest levels of satisfaction were related to trust and patients belife in family physician performance (19. 09) and waiting time for services (15. 93). According to this fact that the highest level of satisfaction was related to patient's trust and belief in family physician performance and the lowest one to waiting time for receiving family physician services، overall it is concluded that people are satisfied from family physician performance، nevertheless policy makers and managers should pay special attention to the limitations and failures of the project.